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Is New Zealand Easing Bank Capital Rules Without Compromising Stability?

Source: Kapitales Research

Highlights:

  • The Reserve Bank of New Zealand will ease bank capital rules, cutting CET1 requirements for large banks to 12% from 16%, while keeping standards above global norms.
  • Tier 2 capital and internal loss-absorbing capacity requirements will increase, maintaining a strong buffer for financial stability.
  • At the time of writing, the RBNZ estimates the changes will lower funding costs by about 12 basis points and deliver an annual economic benefit of 0.12% of GDP.

New Zealand’s central bank has moved to ease some capital requirements for banks after a formal review, aiming to strike a balance between financial stability and economic growth while still keeping rules tougher than global minimums.

RBNZ Adjusts Long-Term Capital Settings

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) announced it would lower certain capital thresholds introduced in 2019, following criticism that the original framework was increasing borrowing costs and putting pressure on the economy. At the time of writing, the central bank emphasised that the revised settings remain conservative by international standards, despite the easing.

Under the changes, the country’s four largest Australian-owned banks will now be required to hold common equity tier 1 (CET1) capital of 12 per cent, down from the previously planned 16 per cent.

Higher Buffers in Other Areas

While CET1 requirements are being reduced, other buffers will rise. Tier 2 capital requirements will increase to 3 per cent from 2 per cent, and large banks will also need to hold internal loss-absorbing capacity (ILAC) of 6 per cent, according to documentation released alongside the announcement.

For smaller banks, total capital requirements will fall to 14 per cent from 16 per cent, with the RBNZ noting that these settings still sit above many international peers.

Economic Impact in Focus

At the time of writing, the RBNZ estimates the revised framework will lower average bank funding costs by around 12 basis points and deliver an annual net benefit equivalent to 0.12 per cent of New Zealand’s GDP, compared with fully implementing the earlier rules.

Big Banks Remain Central

New Zealand’s banking landscape is largely controlled by four big Australian-owned lenders: Westpac, ASB Bank (part of Commonwealth Bank of Australia), Bank of New Zealand (owned by National Australia Bank), and ANZ New Zealand. The changes mark a significant policy shift, signalling a softer stance without abandoning the central bank’s focus on resilience.

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